What is a Rotator Cuff Tear?

A rotator cuff injury is common in both young and older active individuals. The rotator cuff consists of four muscle-tendon units that surround the shoulder joint, providing overhead arm motion and strength. Rotator cuff injuries, including tears, can result from sports activities, falls, tendon degeneration, or repetitive overhead arm motion.

Dr. Khaleel, Senior Consultant Arthroscopic Shoulder and Sports Surgeon at Kims Alshifa, Perintalmanna, Kerala, India, is highly trained and experienced in rotator cuff surgery, helping patients return to a healthy, active lifestyle.

A rotator cuff injury occurs when any of the muscle-tendon units forming its structure become damaged. This typically happens when the tendon attachment separates from the humerus (upper arm bone), resulting in a rotator cuff tear.

Several factors can contribute to rotator cuff damage:

• Acute Injury: Damage due to a sports injury, automobile accident, fall, or other traumatic event.
• Chronic Overuse: Repetitive movements, such as throwing, swimming, or playing tennis, lead to gradual wear and tear.
• Degeneration: Natural wear and tear associated with aging.

Shoulder impingement and tendonitis are also linked to certain rotator cuff tears.

What are Rotator Cuff Injury Symptoms?

The hallmark symptom of a rotator cuff tear is pain over the top of the shoulder and arm. The pain may radiate down toward the elbow joint and interfere with rest and sleep, especially when lying on the affected shoulder.

• Shoulder weakness
• Tenderness due to inflammation
• Limited range of motion
• Difficulty lifting or rotating the arm

How to Know if You Have a Rotator Cuff Tear

If a patient suspects a rotator cuff tear due to a traumatic event, overuse, or natural degeneration, Dr. Khaleel will conduct a comprehensive medical examination.

During the examination, he will assess:

• Weakness, deformities, or muscle wasting in the affected area
• Range of motion and shoulder strength
• Pain and tenderness in specific muscle groups

To confirm the diagnosis, Dr. Khaleel may recommend imaging tests such as:

• X-rays: To rule out fractures and other structural issues.
• MRI Scan: To assess soft tissue damage and confirm the extent of the tear.