Indications for MPFL Reconstruction 

• Recurrent patellar dislocations (two or more episodes)

• Chronic patellar instability despite conservative treatment (e.g., physical therapy, bracing).
  

• MPFL injury or insufficiency confirmed by imaging (MRI) or clinical examination.
  

• Associated patellofemoral malalignment or dysplasia.

Surgical Procedure

Anesthesia: The surgery is typically performed under general or regional anesthesia.

Graft Selection: Autograft (patient's own tissue): Commonly harvested from the hamstring tendon (gracilis or semitendinosus).

Graft Placement: The graft is attached to the patella and the femur to replicate the native MPFL. 

Fixation is achieved using screws, anchors, or sutures.

Lateral retinacular release (if there is excessive lateral tightness).

Recovery and Rehabilitation

Knee immobilization in a brace for 2-6 weeks.

Physical Therapy:

Gradual progression to functional activities and sports. 

Timeline: 

Return to light activities: 6-12 weeks. 

Full recovery and return to sports: 6-12 months. 

Risks and Complications 

Recurrent instability or dislocation. 

Graft failure or loosening. Stiffness or loss of range of motion. 

Infection or bleeding. 

Patellar fracture (rare). 

Persistent pain or arthritis. 

Outcomes 

MPFL reconstruction has a high success rate (85-95%) in restoring patellar stability and reducing dislocation risk. 

Patient satisfaction is generally high, especially when combined with appropriate rehabilitation.