What is Frozen Shoulder (Adhesive Capsulitis)?

Frozen shoulder, also known as adhesive capsulitis, is a painful and troublesome shoulder condition that restricts normal joint movement and causes joint pain. This condition develops when the joint’s soft tissue begins to thicken and contract due to scar tissue formation. In some cases, a “stiff shoulder” can cause a patient to lose complete joint function and range of motion.

Dr. Khaleel, Senior Consultant Arthroscopic Shoulder and Sports Surgeon at Kims Alshifa, Perintalmanna, Kerala, India, is highly experienced in treating frozen shoulder.

As the shoulder’s soft tissues thicken and contract, scar tissue (adhesions) forms, leading to pain and loss of normal shoulder function. Over time, patients begin to move the shoulder less due to pain, resulting in increased joint stiffness. The term “frozen shoulder” describes this condition, as the more pain a patient feels, the less likely they are to use the joint. The lack of movement causes scar tissue to thicken further and “freeze” in position.

Types of Frozen Shoulder

• Primary Adhesive Capsulitis: Occurs without an apparent cause, leading to gradual loss of shoulder motion.
• Secondary Adhesive Capsulitis: Develops following a shoulder injury or previous shoulder surgery.

What are the Symptoms of Frozen Shoulder?

Adhesive capsulitis symptoms are divided into three distinct stages:

• “Freezing” Stage: Lasting from six weeks to nine months, during which the shoulder becomes stiff and painful with loss of motion.
• “Frozen” Stage: Lasting two to six months, where the shoulder remains stiff, but pain may lessen.
• “Thawing” Stage: Lasting six months to two years, where pain reduces and the shoulder gradually regains its normal function.

How to Know if You Have Frozen Shoulder

After reviewing a patient’s medical history and conducting a physical examination, Dr. Khaleel, Senior Consultant Arthroscopic Shoulder and Sports Surgeon at Kims Alshifa, Perintalmanna, Kerala, India, will be able to diagnose adhesive capsulitis. He may also perform an MRI and a series of X-rays to determine whether the loss of joint function and increased pain are associated with another shoulder condition or injury.