What is Articular Cartilage Treatment?

Articular cartilage within the knee joint plays a crucial role in maintaining knee health. This smooth, white tissue covers the ends of bones, enabling fluid, pain-free movement. Damage to the cartilage—whether due to injury or natural aging—can lead to pain, swelling, and reduced mobility. If left untreated, cartilage loss can lead to painful osteoarthritis.

Dr. Khaleel, Senior Consultant Arthroscopic Knee and Sports Surgeon at Kims Alshifa, Perintalmanna, Kerala, India, typically starts articular cartilage treatment with non-surgical methods. If symptoms persist or worsen, surgical knee cartilage repair may be necessary.

Diagnosing Cartilage Injuries

Cartilage injuries are diagnosed by Dr. Khaleel after a thorough medical review and physical examination. Diagnostic tools, including X-rays and an MRI scan, help assess the remaining cartilage and identify defects in the cartilage surface.

When to Have Articular Cartilage Treatment

Articular cartilage treatment depends on the patient’s age, activity level, defect size, and associated knee injuries. Small defects are usually treated with rest, activity modification, medications, and physical therapy. If a large, focal defect is present or conservative methods fail, surgical knee cartilage repair may be recommended.

Treatment Options for Articular Cartilage Damage

• Chondroplasty: This arthroscopic procedure trims damaged cartilage, providing relief and preventing further deterioration. Suitable for patients without full-thickness cartilage loss.
• Microfracture: A technique where tiny holes are created in the bone to encourage stem cell growth and form new cartilage. Typically recommended for full-thickness cartilage loss.
• Autologous Chondrocyte Implantation (ACI): A two-stage procedure where cartilage cells are harvested, expanded in a lab, and later re-implanted in the damaged area to promote regeneration.
• Osteochondral Autograft Transfer (OATS): This involves transferring healthy cartilage and bone from one part of the knee to another. It can also be done using donor tissue (allograft) for larger defects.

Dr. Khaleel specializes in diagnosing and treating articular cartilage injuries, ensuring that each patient receives a personalized treatment plan for optimal recovery and long-term knee health.